Essay --

Seeing a family member taking medication can be very frightening for an eleven year old child, for me however, it was fascinating to see how a single pill can affect the human body. Ever since, I’ve been intrigued by how something so small could have such an impact on one’s quality of life. Over the past years I developed an interest in the science involved in drug discovery, mechanisms and the effect of drugs on body metabolism. Pursuing a career as a pharmacologist; I feel compelled to contribute to the exciting and ever changing field of pharmacological science that has the power to save someone’s life. Studying chemistry and biology at A-level; I have come to appreciate their value within the context of health. In biology, I am fascinated with how the nervous system behaves in the presence of certain chemical compounds found in existing drugs. An area of study during my A2 chemistry course is ‘what’s in medicine?’ I found this topic thought-provoking as it helped me develop my knowledge of how medicinal drugs are synthesized. Furthermore it aided me to comprehend the effect of ... Essay -- Seeing a family member taking medication can be very frightening for an eleven year old child, for me however, it was fascinating to see how a single pill can affect the human body. Ever since, I’ve been intrigued by how something so small could have such an impact on one’s quality of life. Over the past years I developed an interest in the science involved in drug discovery, mechanisms and the effect of drugs on body metabolism. Pursuing a career as a pharmacologist; I feel compelled to contribute to the exciting and ever changing field of pharmacological science that has the power to save someone’s life. Studying chemistry and biology at A-level; I have come to appreciate their value within the context of health. In biology, I am fascinated with how the nervous system behaves in the presence of certain chemical compounds found in existing drugs. An area of study during my A2 chemistry course is ‘what’s in medicine?’ I found this topic thought-provoking as it helped me develop my knowledge of how medicinal drugs are synthesized. Furthermore it aided me to comprehend the effect of ...

Ethics †Morality Essay

1. Definition of Ethics It studies how man ought to behave. Ethics is a thoughtful review of how to act in the best interest of patients and their family. It is also about making good choices based on beliefs and values regarding life, health, suffering and death. Relationship of Ethics in other branches of science: * Ethics and Logic- Studies the correct and organized thinking of a man. Focused foremost on demands of materials, nonhuman world, or world of â€Å"things† in one’s environment it is people-oriented * Ethics and Psychology- Both deals with the study of man and his behavior. Studies how man ought to behave. Concerned with man’s moral obligation or the result of his behavior. It studies the human behavior from the perspective of morality. * Ethics and Sociology- Sociology deals with the study of social order and human relations in a society. Sociology is related to Ethics because Ethics deals with the study of moral orders in a society. Importance of Ethics: Ethics form the base ground of values, which differ from one culture to another. Ethics was applied in health care system, since ancient Egyptian times. A physician has moral obligations towards his patient based on physician – patient’s relationship. The ethical principle of confidentiality confirms that patient can trust his health care provider not to disclose any information that the patient may have given in order to get cured. A current ethical issue in research involving human participant’s informed consent has prime importance. The subject and his guardian must have the capacity to understand the issue in question and the possible risks of treatment in the trial study. We need to do more to ensure that medical research practices are sound and ethical, and the goals of research should be secondary to the well being of the participants. The study of ethics and the study and practice of healthcare have not merged much in the past, but nevertheless ethical standards are essential to the practice of the health professions. Each professional discipline has its own code of conduct, guidelines for practice and philosophy of care to direct practice within its professional remit. There have been several international declarations of human rights within healthcare to protect patients from unethical practices that might nevertheless be portrayed to them as necessary evils in the course of scientific research and utilitarian principles – that is, the greater good. Despite the relative lack of moral philosophy and healthcare ethics in the curricula of healthcare professionals, it does not take long for anyone in clinical practice to face their first ethical dilemma about which they are called upon to make a judgment or have a view. In any healthcare system, whether organized and managed by the state or government or by the independent sector (private or non-governmental/voluntary) – or any mixture of these – moral issues will frequently be raised and should challenge the practitioner, teacher, manager or researcher. Establishing moral codes of practice between the various organizations mentioned above is important at the outset of any professional relationship or client encounter. For the practitioner the appropriate use of professional power, compared with the relative vulnerability of the lay client/patient during the first meeting, establishes the relationship for all future transactions between the two parties. In the context of progressive illness there are many occasions that will challenge this relationship as the illness trajectory takes its course. 2. Basic concepts in Ethics. Definition of Human Acts Human Acts (Actus Humani) refer to â€Å"actions that proceed from insight into the nature and purpose of one’s doing and from consent of free will†. Specifically, human acts are those actions done by a person in certain situations, which are essentially the result of his conscious knowledge, freedom and voluntariness, or consent. Hence, man performs these actions knowingly, freely, and voluntarily. Aspects of Human Acts * The Act Itself or the Object Of The Act. The act itself refers to the action that is done or performed by an agent, or simply, what the person does. This is the â€Å"substance of a moral act†, and here regarded as the basic factor of morality. More concretely, the object of the act is â€Å"that act effect which an action primarily and directly causes (finis operis). It is always necessary that the result of the act, independent of any circumstances or of the intention of the agent. † * The Motive or the Intention. The motive is the purpose that for the sake of which something is done. It is the reason behind our acting. It answers the question â€Å"why the person does what he does? †. Man normally performs an act as a means to achieve an end or goal, different from an act itself. And since the motive or intention is practically present in all human acts, it then becomes an important and integral part of morality. * The Circumstances. It refers to the various conditions outside of the act. They are not part and parcel of the act itself. Circumstances are conditions that influence, to a lesser or greater degree, the moral quality of the human act. The moral goodness or badness of an act is determined not only by the object or act itself, plus the motive or intention of the moral agent, but also on the circumstances or situation surrounding the performance of the action. Classification of Human Acts * Elicited Acts. These are actions performed by the will. (Wish, Intention, Consent, Election, Use) * Commanded acts. These are those acts done by man’s mental or bodily powers under the command of the will. (External and Internal Actions) Constituents of Human Acts * Knowledge. A human act as a deliberate act is a KNOWING ACT. No human act is possible without knowledge. * Freedom. The CAPACITY or POWER to choose between two or more courses of actions WITHOUT being forced to take one or the other by anything except our own will. * Voluntariness. A human act is a WILL- ACT. A voluntary act is different from what is merely WILLED and cannot be controlled by the will, as good or bad. Modifiers of Human Acts * Ignorance. It is the absence of necessary knowledge, which a person in a given situation, who is performing a certain act, ought to have. Ignorance therefore is a negation of knowledge. It can be classified as Vincible or Invincible Ignorance. * Passion or Concupiscence. It is here understood as a strong or powerful feeling or emotion. It refers more specifically to those bodily appetites or tendencies as experienced and expressed in such feelings as fear, love, hatred, despair, horror, sadness, anger, grief and the like. Passions are either classified as Antecedent or Consequent. * Fear. It is defined as the disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by an impending danger or harm to himself or loved ones. Fear may be considered a passion, which arises as an impulsive movement of avoidance of a threatening evil, ordinarily accompanied by bodily services. * Violence. It is generally referred to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling the said person to act against his will. * Habit. It is a constant and easy way of doing things acquired by the repetition of the same act. Habit is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts, for acting in certain manner. Definition of Morality Ethics and morality are two words, which are oftentimes used interchangeably, not just in ordinary discourse and in popular media but also in academic discussions. Etymologically, the word â€Å"ethics† is derived from the Greek word â€Å"ethos†, which can be roughly translated in English as custom or a particular way and manner of acting and behaving. The Latin equivalent for custom is â€Å"mos† or â€Å"mores†. It is from this root word that the term â€Å"moral† or â€Å"morality† is derived. The two terms, ethics and morality, in this sense, therefore, have literally the same meaning. That is why ethics is usually taken synonymous with morality. Also because of this, ethics is also called morality, or more precisely, the other name of ethics is morality. Norms of Morality The general way in which a given society or group operates is largely determined by societal norms of morality. These norms are composed of the rules by which people are supposed to operate within that society, and these rules can be explicit or implicit. According to the definition of societal norms of morality, they are subject to change from society to society and age to age. If a particular social norm becomes unpopular, it ceases to be a social norm. There are, of course, some societal norms that are viewed with differing perspectives even within a society. Because of this, any given society can be broken down into further subgroups that share a more common set of societal norms. This process can, in theory, continue all the way to the individual level, at which point it ceases due to the obvious need for more than one person to constitute a group. Understanding and adhering to social norms begins at birth, and most of these social norms are so ingrained within an individual that it is difficult to see that they exist. Formal social norms are quite easy to spot, of course, because they are recorded in some way and require a specific punishment if they are not followed. Informal social norms make up the vast majority of social norms, however, and are much easier to miss. They take the form of folkways, which are rather informal norms that are ordinarily followed, but do not carry great consequences when broken, and mores, which are also informal, but carry great consequences when broken. The development of social norms is inevitable, and the pressure to conform to them is great. There are occasions upon which the larger group conforms to the norms of the individual or a small group, but it is far more likely that the individual or small group will conform to the norms of those in the majority. It is important to be aware of social norms so that the actions an individual can determine which social norms are worthy of challenging and which serve a useful purpose. Many of these social norms will not ever be noticed because they are a core part of each person, but it is still useful to reflect upon those which can be noticed. Determinants of Morality The factors in human conduct that determine whether it is good or bad. There are three such determinants of morality, namely the object, the end, and the circumstances. By object is meant what the free will chooses to do–in thought, word, or deed-or chooses not to do. Be end is meant the purpose for which the act is willed, which may be the act itself (as one of loving God) or some other purpose for which a person acts (as reading to learn). In either case, the end is the motive or the reason why an action is performed. By circumstances are meant all the elements that surround a human action and affect its morality without belonging to its essence. A convenient listing of these circumstances is to ask: who? Where? How? How much? By what means? How often? Some circumstances so affect the morality of an action as to change its species, as stealing a consecrated object becomes sacrilege and lying under oath is perjury. Other circumstances change the degree of goodness or badness of an act. In bad acts they are called aggravating circumstances, as the amount of money a person steals. To be morally good, a human act must agree with the norm of morality on all three counts: in its nature, its motive, and its circumstances. Departure from any of these makes the action morally wrong. Definition of Rights. Rights are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory. Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, being regarded as established pillars of society and culture and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, â€Å"rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived. † The connection between rights and struggle cannot be overstated — rights are not as much granted or endowed as they are fought for and claimed, and the essence of struggles past and ancient are encoded in the spirit of current concepts of rights and their modern formulations. Definition of Duties. A duty to use care toward others that would be exercised by an ordinarily reasonable and prudent person in order to protect them from unnecessary risk of harm in a typical medical malpractice lawsuit, the plaintiff has the burden of proof to show that the physician had a legal duty of care to the patient, that the physician breached that duty, and that the breach caused injury to the plaintiff. Divisions of Duties An appropriate division of duties is the first basic principle of internal control. Remember, the basic point is that no single person should handle a transaction from beginning to end. The primary reason is to prevent an individual from having enough control over a transaction to where errors and/or irregularities can occur and go undetected for extended periods of time. An appropriate division of duties should also produce warning signals when errors and /or irregularities do occur. It is important to keep in mind that a good division of duties does not guarantee that things will operate, as they should. This is because two or more people can be involved in wrongdoing (i. e. collusion). Unannounced rotation of job duties and surprise audits can help reduce the chances of collusion. 3. Disablement Terminologies Disability * Inability to function normally, physically or mentally; incapacity. * Inability to pursue an occupation because of physical or mental impairment * The term â€Å"disability† summarizes a great number of different functional limitations occurring in any population in any country, of the world. People may be disabled by physical, intellectual or sensory impairment, medical conditions or mental illness. Such impairments, conditions or illnesses may be permanent or transitory in nature. Functional Limitation * Any health problem that prevents a person from completing a range of tasks, whether simple or complex. Handicap * A disadvantage for the given individual resulting from impairment or a disability that limits or prevents the fulfillment of a task that is normal in that individual. * A disadvantage that makes achievement unusually difficult. * The term â€Å"handicap† means the loss or limitation of opportunities to take part in the life of the community on an equal level with others. It describes the encounter between the person with a disability and the environment. The purpose of this term is to emphasize the focus on the shortcomings in the environment and in many organized activities in society, for example, information, communication and education, which prevent persons with disabilities from participating on equal terms. Impairment (Indirect and Composite) * To cause to diminish, as in strength, value, or quality: an injury that impaired my hearing a severe storm impairing communications. * Any abnormality of, partial or complete loss of, or loss of the function of, a body part, organ, or system. * An injury, illness, or congenital condition that causes or is likely to cause a loss or difference of physiological or psychological function.

Sulfur Hexafluoride, the Anti-Helium

Sulfur hexafluoride is a non-toxic, invisible gas that you can use to perform interesting chemistry demonstrations. Breathe it in and make your voice much deeper when you talk. Pour it into a container and float an airplane or a ship on nothing. In a way, it is like the anti-helium gas, because while helium is about six times lighter than air, sulfur hexafluoride is six times heavier. Sulfur Hexafluoride Facts Inorganic compound with a chemical formula SF6Non-polar gasNon-toxic, odorless, colorlessnNn-flammable at room temperature and pressureOctahedral geometryPoorly soluble in water; soluble in nonpolar organic solventsDensity of 6.13 g/L at sea level Fun Things to Try with Sulfur Hexafluoride Float Your Boat: Pour sulfur hexafluoride into an aquarium or large beaker. It is heavier than air, so it will sink. You can float light objects on the invisible gas, such as a paper airplane or a boat made from aluminum foil. If you use a cup to scoop up some of the sulfur hexafluoride and dump it into a foil boat, you can sink it.Talk or Sing with a Deep Voice: Sulfur hexafluoride is denser than air, so sound travels through it more slowly. If you breathe in a lungful of sulfur hexafluoride, your voice will become much deeper. Even though sulfur hexafluoride is non-toxic, you need to use care when performing this demonstration to avoid hypoxia and fainting (the same caution applies to helium). Dont breathe the gas for prolonged periods of time. Where You Can Get Sulfur Hexafluoride Sulfur hexafluoride is a specialty gas, used in medicine for eye surgery and ultrasound imaging; in industry as a tracer gas, dielectric, and as an etchant; and mixed with argon as an insulator between layers of windows. It has enough uses that you may be able to find it at a store that sells specialty gasses (try the yellow pages), such as oxygen, argon, and nitrogen.

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper - 1738 Words

Running Head: Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper Abstract The following paper includes the consideration of control, taxation, and liability issues for two hypothetical businesses as well as legal, regulatory, and risk issues each of the two businesses may face. Also included in this paper is a hypothetical hiring manager scenario in which the hiring manager must choose from numerous applicants who possess various levels of qualification, experience, and education. An applicant must be chosen from the pool of applicants based on the advertisement placed for a jackhammer operator and any legal or regulatory issues to be considered for each applicant. Restaurant/Bar†¦show more content†¦Professional Practice Scenario According to the scenario, Akiva and Tara want to open a birthing clinic and take out large loans to finance the business, which is a medical practice. The business would be a partnership of two medical professionals that would allow Akiva and Tara to form a limited liability partnership or LLP. An LLP is beneficial for the partners because each partner is only liable for debts or obligations up to the capital contribution or investments in the partnership (Cheeseman, 2010, p. 274, pp. 1). Forming an LLP begins with filing articles of partnership with the secretary of state of the state in which the LLP is organized. The LLP laws of the state where the LLP performs business govern the partnership. The partnership must follow the state laws and regulations to continue performing business in that state. Many states require an LLP to carry a minimum of $1,000,000 in liability insurance covering negligence, wrong ful acts, or misconduct by partners or employees. Taxation of the LLP is the same as in a general partnership. Each partner is required to file their profits or losses on their personal income tax return. As with a general partnership, an LLP is required to file an information return with the government so the income or losses are traceable to the individual partners. Because Akiva and Tara want to open a birthing clinic, they must prepare for liability issues.Show MoreRelatedBusiness Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper856 Words   |  4 PagesBusiness Entities, Laws, and Regulations Paper By: Edmond Akopyan BUS/415 December 15, 2010 Instructor: Mark Oertel Starting a business requires some research on licensing, state laws and regulations and finally getting things started. It also requires looking into the business entities, taking control, taxation, and of course taking liability issues into consideration. It is important for the business to be able to protect itself. In this paper, an extermination businessRead MoreImplementing The Tax System Classification Rules1139 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Treasury (Treasury) finalized rules that were intended to simplify the tax entity classification rules. These rules have become known as the â€Å"check-the-box† regulations. Simply put, these regulations allow an eligible entity to â€Å"check a box† that indicates the desired tax treatment the entity wishes to have. These new regulations signify what was a much needed departure from the previous classification regulations, which were vague, ambiguous, and created many disputes between taxpayers andRead MoreRole and F unctions of Law Paper1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof Law Paper Jaclyn Wheatley LAW/421 June 25, 2012 Kathryn Harris Abstract This paper addresses the functions and role of law in business and society. This paper covers different types of laws including statutes, common laws, treaties, ordinances, and executive orders. 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It describes which principles apply to which type of business; when a business can apply the reduced disclosure framework; and when a business should follow a statement of recommended practices, or SORP. FRS 101 lays out a reduced disclosure framework for entities. Certain entities can choose to use this reduced disclosure framework while creating their financial statements. FRS 102 presents a single standard, whichRead MoreLimitation s Of The Old Classification Regulations1454 Words   |  6 PagesGenerally, an entity is taxed as either a corporation or a partnership and in the past there were major differences between the two, specifically, limited liability. The main benefit of a corporation was limited liability, while a partnership was subject to individual liability for partnership debts. Partnerships began to devise new configurations that were aimed at limiting their liability. They succeeded in creating limited partnerships, which took the main advantage of a corporation and sharedRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 19961492 Words   |  6 Pageshealth information does not fall under HIPAA regulations. That information actually is covered under the FERPA (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act). This is a cause of a privacy concern for students K-12 private health information contained in the students record. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 HIPAA law is for the protection of patient’s private health information. All covered entities must abide by HIPAA regulations in regards to all protect health informationRead MoreThe National Financial Accounting Standards Board1269 Words   |  6 Pageseffects from 2017. All of the firms had to work under the rules and regulations set. There is enough of the time left to understand and work on the changes. On dated 28th May, 2014 the new revenue standards were issued for contracts with customers. It has the power to give limitations and new rules are to be followed by various industries. It also includes those industries which have their own policies like real estate business, construction works and software related industries (Aboody, 2004). TheRead MoreA New Federal Cloud Compliance Program Is The Federal Risk And Authorization Management Program1317 Words   |  6 Pagesmust analyze the security of these services to ensure compliance with standards and laws that protect customers, citizens, and information. Therefore, this paper analyzes a new federal cloud compliance program called the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP). This paper also establishes that FedRAMP can indirectly aid federal government organizations to be compliant with the following laws: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA); the Family EducationalRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Of 20021410 Words   |  6 Pagesact is to recover the investors’ trust in the stock market, and to prevent and detect corporate accounting fraud. I will discuss the background of Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and why it became necessary in the first section of this paper. The second section will be the act’s regulations for the management, external auditors, and companies, mainly publicly-traded companies, and the cost and benefits of the act. The last section will be the discussion of the quality of financial reporting since SOX and the effectiveness

Causal Essay - 1211 Words

Causal Science has helped improve many people’s lifestyle from eating a healthy diet to stopping different form of disease that are attacking the human body. Science also provides intolerable lifestyle to people such as the elders as when the elderly have an incurable disease and the elderly are suffering for this incurable disease and wants to die, but cannot due to science advancement in technology making impossible to die at that moment. The possible future of science is uncontrollable. The power of science provides possibility and with this possibility doesn’t always generate a good possibility. Jeremy Rifkin in Biotech Century and Michael Bishop in Enemies of Promise talks about the science as their argument in a casual sense of†¦show more content†¦The creation with all the religions belief or attachment will suddenly shatter as people relied or set their whole life around that belief. There are people whom committed suicide because of a belief that was stated à ¢â‚¬Å"It was the end of the world in May 21, 2011, Judgment day† and also went into financial shambles as those people who believed in their belief sold everything they own and left with nothing. Rifkin quoted, â€Å"Genesis could lead to a far different future—a biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of creation† (312).This states that with biological creation creates more nonsense as the idea of the beginning creation of life seem invalid; in doing so, creates the idea of an ordinary human creating the whole world itself, due to time as time fades away the ancient language of creation. If creationism became true then many people would changes their ways as they thrives to find a religious purpose where sins or deeds that they acquired previously won’t have any effects against them such as killing a person previously and hoping that the person that he or she killed won’t affected by the idea of eternal darkness after death. The fear of unknowing and suddenly becomes theShow MoreRelatedCausal Factors1311 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics of Emotional/Behavioral Disabilities and Strategies to Teach Individuals with EBD Professor Karen Moeller Causal Factors Tamika Camano Emotional and Behavioral disorders can result from one or any number of combinations of causal factors from the students biological, familial, cultural, or educational background and/or environment. This essay will discuss causal factors, the implications, and possible mitigation regarding EBD students. 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Studies were reviewed in an article entitled â€Å"Narcotics and Crime: An analysis of Existing Evidence for a Causal Relationship.† The authors conclude that heroin addiction can be shown to dramaticallyRead MoreWhat is causal1998 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ What is causal-comparative research? Also known as â€Å"ex post facto† research. (Latin for â€Å"after the fact†). In this type of research investigators attempt to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals.Causal-comparative research is an attempt to identify a causative relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable. The relationship between the independent variable and dependent variable is usually a suggestedRead MoreCausal Argument Essay1357 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Causal Argument: Will Lowering the Drinking Age Solve the Problem of Binge Drinking among College Students? Research has supported the observation that young people in America consume alcohol regularly; this prevalence of use increases rapidly during adolescence, as well as a few years afterward (Wagenaar and Wolfson 37). This has come to be a problem among college students. It has been shown through extensive quantitative and qualitative research that those under twenty-one years of age areRead MoreThe Causal Between Physical And Mental1629 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding of why events occur (Salmon, 1984). We are continually seeking a cause for physical events, in order to make sense of them. Understanding the causal relations between events has its advantages; allowing us to plan actions to achieve goals. It prompts us to behave in a way we expect to get our desired outcome. 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The independent variable identified but not manipulated will be the number of graduate students from the educational institution being studied. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is represented by the quality of the school and its programs. The groups of individuals identified in this study are pre-existing ones or naturally formed. Therefore, no random selection has taken place

What Is Rotaract Free Essays

Rotaract clubs are part of a global effort to bring peace and international understanding to the world. This effort starts at the community level but knows no limits in its outreach. Rotaractors have access to the many resources of Rotary International (RI) and The Rotary Foundation. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Rotaract or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rotary International provides the administrative support that helps Rotaract clubs thrive. History Rotaract has evolved quickly in its short but dynamic history. In the early 1960s, Rotary clubs around the world began to sponsor university youth groups as community service projects. The 1967-68 RI president, Luther H. Hodges, and the RI Board of Directors considered this club activity to have international relevance, and Rotaract was approved in 1968 as an official program for Rotary clubs. The first club chartered was the Rotaract Club of North Charlotte, North Carolina, USA, on 13 March 1968. Several decades later, the Rotaract program has grown into a strong, international network of 7,300 clubs in more than 150 countries and geographical areas. Rotaract’s 145,000 members are young men and women (ages 18 to 30) who serve the needs of their communities, widen their personal and professional contacts, and increase their understanding of the world. Goals Rotaract has the following goals: ? To develop professional and leadership skills ? To emphasize respect for the rights of others, based on recognition of the worth of each individual ? To recognize the dignity and value of all useful occupations as opportunities to serve ? To recognize, practice, and promote ethical standards as leadership qualities and vocational responsibilities ? To develop knowledge and understanding of the needs, problems, and opportunities in the community and worldwide To provide opportunities for personal and group activities to serve the community and promote international understanding and goodwill toward all people How does Rotaract fit into the Rotary family? Rotary International is a worldwide service organization for leading business and professional men and women, with more than 1. 2 million members in over 31,000 Rotary clubs. Each Rotaract club is sponsored by a local Rotary club. This sponsorship is a result of Rotary’s belief that you ng people, or New Generations, should take an active interest in community life and have the opportunity for professional development. Organizing a Rotaract club is one of the most rewarding activities a Rotary club can undertake in its community. The Rotaract program gives Rotarians the opportunity to mentor dynamic young women and men interested in providing service to their own communities as well as the global community. In turn, a Rotaract club can bring new energy to a Rotary club, inspire fresh ideas for service, increase support for projects, and help develop future Rotary club members. Rotaract clubs are self-governed and largely self-financedat the local level. Working in cooperation with their sponsoring Rotary clubs as partners in service, Rotaractors are an importantpart of Rotary’s extended family. What does a Rotaract club do? Rotaract clubs organize a variety of projects and activities, depending primarily on the interests of the club members. However, within the Rotaract program, all clubs undertake three types of activities in varying degrees: professional development, leadership development, and service projects. Together, these three areas ensure a balanced club program and provide important experience and opportunities for the personal development of each Rotaractor. Professional Development A club’s professional development activities should expand the members’ understanding of the work environment and business opportunities within their community. These activities should highlight the Rotaractor’s role in the community’s economic development and illustrate how skills developed through service activities can help in resolving problems in the workplace. Each Rotaract club should provide professional development opportunities to its members through activities such as: ? Professional and vocational forums Business technology updates ? Management and marketing seminars ? Conferences on business and professional ethics ? Presentations on finance and credit options for business start-up Sponsoring Rotarians can enhance the professional development of Rotaractors by providing practical advice on entering the business world and tackling business, vocational, and professional challenges. Making the club’s professional d evelopment projects into joint Rotaract-Rotary projects can also help Rotaractors get better acquainted with sponsoring Rotarians. Leadership Development A club’s leadership development activities aim not only to make members more effective leaders in their personal lives, but also to teach them how to develop and sustain strong clubs with relevant projects. Important topics to address in training club leaders include: ? Improving public speaking skills ? Developing techniques for marketing the Rotaract program to potential members ? Building consensus among members ? Delegating project responsibilities and ensuring necessary follow-up ? Identifying channels for project publicity and promotion ? Finding financial resources for strengthening club development ? Assessing project success Service Projects Service Above Self is Rotary’s foremost guiding principle. A Rotaract club’s service projects are designed to improve the quality of life at home and abroad. These projects often address today’s most critical issues, such as violence, drug abuse, AIDS, hunger, the environment, and illiteracy. Each Rotaract club is required to complete at least two major service projects annually, one to serve the community and the other to promote international understanding. Each should involve all or most of the members of the club. How to cite What Is Rotaract, Papers

Present Benefits and Challenges over Ripple Business

Questions: 1. What is the importance of the ripple payment protocol? 2. What is the process of implementation of ripple in different businesses? 3. What are the advantages of the ripple business? Answers: Background of the study Ripple is essentially a payment procedure as well as a digital currency that has transformed entirely separately of Bitcoin. However, the ripple business has the second highest market capitalization after the Bitcoin. As rightly put forward by Toma (2012), the ripple is essentially a decentralized payment procedure and a real time gross settlement system (RTGS) with a currency exchange system as well as remittance network provided by Ripple. This particular system is also known as the Ripple transaction Protocol or else Ripple Protocol designed on the foundation of open Internet protocol along with consensus ledger as well as native currency (Toma 2012).. Introduced in the year 2012, this system of Ripple helps in the establishment of a secure, instantaneous and at the same time free worldwide financial transaction with no system of charge backs. The Ripple payment protocol procedure upholds tokens that represent the flat currency, commodity as well as crypto currency or else any oth er recurrent flier (Balcilar et al. 2012). At present, the Ripple payment protocol is put into practice by corporations like Fidor bank as well as many other banking institutions and payment networks as a procedure of settlement infrastructure technology. Research Aim The aim of the present research is To analyze the present usage patterns as well as trade dynamics used in Ripple by way of evaluation of the available information that can be extracted from the global ledger of Ripple To investigate the different provisions of the Ripple payment protocol that can shed light on the current process of deployment of this particular Ripple system Research Questions What is the importance of the ripple payment protocol? What is the process of implementation of ripple in different businesses? What are the advantages of the ripple business? History The early development of this system can be dated back to the year 2004 at the time when the Ripple pay.com was first introduced by Ryan Fugger as a local exchange that was used as a trading system in Vancouver. This system was created with the intention of setting up a decentralized monetary system that individuals could use for generation of their own money (Zarifis et al. 2014). However, this idea later transformed into the system of transaction or a currency system where all the transactions could well be substantiated by way of consensus among different members of this particular network (Liberatore et al. 2012). This later emerged as a digital currency idea that developed into an advanced protocol system that can enable the instant as well as the direct transfer of money among different individuals. The Ripple Lab has now involved in several developmental projects with primary focus on the banking sector, IT sectors and others. This includes the project where iOS client applica tion for permitting the iPhone users to carry on transactions in any currency through their phone. Significance of the study The current study helps in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the Ripple system and analyzing the overall consensus protocol of Ripple. The present section also helps in an overview of the six types of Ripple transactions, consensus protocol. This present study therefore helps in gaining an overview of the deployment of the entire ripple payment system in business that leverages the consensus protocol. In addition to this, the present segment of the study also assists in acquiring vivid idea regarding the design features that includes the gateways, trust lines as well as rippling, creditworthiness, consensus ledger and ledger security. The ripple business is built up based on various shared data along with public data that makes that enables the process of payment, transmittal and facilitate the process of exchange. Therefore, the current study helps in delving deep into the significant features of the ripple business after carrying out a detailed analysis of the systems viabil ity, security as well as price. Literature Review The literature review section intends to analyze the viability of the ripple business by reviewing and assessing the empirical studies as regards the process of the ripple payment protocol. Furthermore, the present segment also attempts to shed light on different interventions hat elucidates the effectiveness of the ripple business for raising the overall scale of the different business concerns. Ripple Protocol: As rightly put forward by Armknecht et al. (2015), ripple is essentially a decentralized payment structure founded on credit networks. In particular, the Ripple code is primarily an open source and is accessible by the public. Therefore this implies that everyone can install a Ripple for the case in point. However, there are different nodes that can assume three diverse roles in Ripples. These roles include that of the users who are essentially involved in both making as well as receiving payments. In addition to this, there is an important role of the market makers that play the part of the trade enablers in the overall transaction system. Furthermore, there are validating servers that are responsible for executing the process of Ripples consensus protocol in a bid to examine as well as substantiate different transactions occurring in the entire Ripple business. Kim (2016) opine that the Ripple users are known by means of different pseudonyms. In particular, the users are outfitted with a public or else a private key two of a kind at the time when a user intends to make transactions with yet another user. For that purpose, there is a process of carrying out the cryptographical signs that enables the transmission of money that is denominated in own currency of Ripple, XRP or else by means of any other currency (Kim 2016). In case of payments carried out on non XRP currencies, Ripple does not participate in the process of enforcement of payments and only maintains the records the different amounts that a particular entity owes to another (Ripple. 2016). Ripple Transaction: Ripple currently upholds six different categories of transactions that include making payments. Payment is the for the most part a common nature of transactions that permits the transmission of funds from one entity to another (Dwyer 2015). Next, the Ripple business also helps in Account Set that refers to a certain sort of transaction that permits a particular entity to set different options that is pertinent for the account of the specific entity. This Ripple business also aids in Setting Regular Key that too refers to a particular kind of transaction that essentially enables an entity to modify and set the key utilized by a particular unit to sign upcoming transactions (Dwyer 2015). Apart from this, the Ripple business also has enables the transaction of Offer Creation that helps in expressing the intent to exchange different currencies. The present payment protocol also supports the transaction of Offer Cancel that assists in removing the relevant offer from t he particular ledger (Luo 2012). Finally, the Ripple Business also aids in Trust Set that refers to a transaction that primarily generates as well as modifies a trust link involving two different accounts. Research Methodology Research Design: As rightly put forward by Pickard (2012), the research methodology provides a well designed structure as well as approach that can assist the researcher to successfully accomplish the present study. However, design of the research is essentially a blue print of the research process that incorporates different plans and procedures of carrying out the entire research work with proper articulation of the process of data collection as well as data interpretation (Krippendorff 2012). In particular, there are three different types of research design, namely, explanatory, descriptive as well as exploratory. The researcher intends to adopt the explanatory design that supports the purpose of understanding the causes as well as effects of particular research questions and helps in achieving the research purpose by utilizing the knowledge as well as experience on the ripple business. Data Collection and Data Interpretation As correctly put forward by Miller et al. (2012), there are essentially two different types of techniques for collection of data, namely, the primary data collection and the secondary data collection. Primary data collection technique is primarily a first-hand data collection system that helps in acquiring data through different surveys as well as questionnaires. On the other hand, the secondary data collection technique refers to process of collection of data by extracting pertinent information from websites, journals, books, academic papers as well as blogs among many others (Miller et al. 2012). Therefore, the researcher will make use of both primary as well as secondary techniques of data collection for acquiring the requisite data for the present research. The intention as well as purpose of the present study is to undertake a quantitative analysis by means of relevant data acquired on ripple business (Krippendorff 2012). This will thereby enable a comparative analysis of the pr esent benefits as well as limitations of the ripple business. Research Description This present segment of the study intends to shed light on different stratagems of the ripple business strategy that is applicable in the business domain. Furthermore, the researcher also attempts to explore the overall procedure of implementation of the ripple payment system in businesses and elucidate the current benefit as well as limitations of the ripple payment protocol in business. Sample Size and data evaluation technique The research concentrates on the process of storing the data anchored on different categories and are illustrated succinctly. In addition to this, the researcher also attempts to explain the entire session of definite baseline to categorically illustrate the stratagem of ripple business under consideration. For that reason, this present study carries out a forty-five minutes session that illustrates different strategies of ripple business and explains the advantages as well as limitations of the ripple business and makes use of the baseline of the protocol. This also helps out in making comparisons and creates a document for a mean value that can be properly registered for carrying out an elaborate data interpretation using mathematical and statistical tools (Pickard 2012). Particularly, the mean value can be calculated based on the data acquired on different corporations that are currently implementing the Ripple payment protocol in order to recognize the changes of all the particip ating corporations. Relevant Materials of the present study The relevant materials of the ripple payment protocol in different business can be designed as well as developed by different developers. This particular system of ripple payment protocol is primarily utilized by different private business concerns, banking institutions, social media as well as IT segments. This is primarily a significant concept of the e-commerce and for that reason the materials refer to any products or else services. Schedule: Gantt chart Activities/ Time for completion of the activties Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Development of the concept Undertaking the process of reviewing the literature Discussion with the supervisor for approval Select as well as recruit research partakers for primary data collection Recording the secondary data Conducting the surveys Interpreting the data Conclusion In conclusion it can be said that the ripple payment protocol exerts immense influence on the overall operations of different business domain. Therefore this particular e-commerce ripple payment protocol study is effective for gaining a deep understanding its importance in todays business world. The present study also helps in understanding the significance of the security policy that can shield the entire payment procedure from unlawful intruders that includes both hacker as well rival corporations. For that purpose the data needs to be appropriately collected to arrive at outcomes that can help in understanding the current challenges as well as advantages of the Ripple System in businesses. References Armknecht, F., Karame, G.O., Mandal, A., Youssef, F. and Zenner, E., (2015). Ripple: Overview and Outlook. InTrust and Trustworthy Computing(pp. 163-180). Springer International Publishing. Balcilar, M., Beyene, A., Gupta, R. and Seleteng, M., (2012). Rippleeffects in South African house prices.Urban Studies, p.0042098012458551. Dwyer, G.P., (2015). The economics of Bitcoin and similar private digital currencies.Journal of Financial Stability,17, pp.81-91. Kim, T.H., (2016). A study of digital currency cryptography for business marketing and finance security. Krippendorff, K., (2012).Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Sage. Liberatore, F., Scaparra, M.P. and Daskin, M.S., (2012). Hedging against disruptions with ripple effects in location analysis.Omega,40(1), pp.21-30. Luo, J. (2012).Soft computing in information communication technology. Berlin: Springer. Miller, T., Birch, M., Mauthner, M. and Jessop, J. eds., (2012).Ethics in qualitative research. Sage. Pickard, A., (2012).Research methods in information. Facet publishing.